Campus Life · 11/25/2022
Materi tentang Pararel Structures dalam Bahasa Inggris
12 min 0
Assalamu‘alaikum wr. wb.
Hello guys, welcome back to Inzaghi's Blog! Tenses dalam bahasa Inggris mempunyai banyak kegunaan sebagai pengembangannya. Salah satunya adalah Parallel Structures. Sebenarnya, apa itu Pararel Structures itu? Let's we discuss now!
Sumber Materi (Material Sources) : Wallstreetenglish.co.id and Englishplusplus.id
Dalam membicarakan kalimat dalam bahasa Inggris pastinya banyak hal yang perlu kita ketahui. Baik dari tenses sampai juga jenis kalimat yang dibuat sesuai dengan kondisi saat itu.
Tak hanya itu, ada saatnya kita ingin menggabungkan beberapa aksi dalam satu kalimat namun ingin kalimat tetap efektif. Lalu, apa yang harus dilakukan? Kamu bisa menggunakan parallel structure yang merupakan struktur gramatikal yang berfungsi sebagai penyetaraan elemen-elemen dalam kalimat sehingga bisa disatukan.
A. Pengertian Parallel Structure
Parallel structure adalah kesesuaian atau kesejajaran struktur dalam suatu kalimat. Maksudnya adalah elemen yang ada dalam suatu kalimat menggunakan pola gramatikal yang sama.
Elemen dalam kalimat bisa berupa noun (kata benda), phrase (frasa), atau clause (klausa). Dengan menggunakan parallelism atau parallel structure ini, kita akan dapat menunjukkan bahwa elemen-elemen dalam kalimat tersebut setara antar satu dan yang lainnya. Perhatikan contoh di bawah ini.
|
He
likes swimming, hiking, and climbing
|
and menghubungkan kata (gerund) dengan
fungsi sebagai objek
|
|
Students were
asked to do their assignments quickly, accurately, and thoroughly.
|
and menghubungkan kata (adverb) dengan
fungsi sebagai adverb
|
|
Their work is
not only very relevant but also immensely detailed.
|
not only …
but also … menghubungkan
frasa (adjective phrase) dengan fungsi pelengkap
|
Dari contoh di atas dapat dilihat bahwa parallel structures menghubungkan elemen-elemen yang memiliki bentuk dan fungsi yang sama.
B. Aturan Penggunaan Parallel Structure
Jika kamu ingin menggunakan parallel structure, ada beberapa aturan yang perlu kamu ketahui. Apa saja itu?
- Parallel structure diterapkan pada elemen yang dihubungkan oleh coordinate conjunction (and, but, or, as, dan lainnya) yang ada di dalam suatu rangkaian. Jika elemen yang dihubungkan diawali oleh article (a, an, the) atau preposition (in, on, at, dll), maka article maupun preposition tersebut digunakan pada setiap elemen atau hanya pada elemen yang pertama saja. Contoh :
- While Mario was sleeping, his bag and its contents disappeared. (Ketika Mario sedang tidur, tas dan isinya hilang.)
- The air force base may be in the north, the south, the west, and the east. (Pangkalan angkatan udara tersebut mungkin di utara, selatan, barat, atau timur.)
- Parallel structure diterapkan pada elemen-elemen yang dihubungkan correlative conjunction (e.g. not … but …, not only … but also …, between … and …, the more … the less, the less … the more). Contoh :
- He can drive not only a car but also a helicopter. (Dia dapat mengendarai tak hanya mobil tapi juga helikopter.)
- This book is not for you but for your cousin. (Buku ini bukan untukmu tapi untuk sepupumu.)
- Parallel structure diterapkan pada elemen-elemen yang dibandingkan (comparison). Contoh :
- I like swimming better than biking. [atau I like to swim better than to bike.] (Saya suka jogging melebihi bersepeda.)
- My handphone is cheaper than my brother’s. (Hp saya lebih murah dari HP saudara saya.)
C. Rumus dan Contoh Parallel Structures
Rumus parallel structures bergantung pada jenis conjunction yang digunakannya. Secara umum, conjunction yang dipakai dalam parallel structures ada dua, yaitu coordinate conjunction dan correlative conjunction. Berikut rumus dan contoh parallel structures.
1. Coordinate Conjunction
Coordinate conjunction terdiri dari konjungsi FANBOYS, yang merupakan gabungan dari for, and, nor, but, or, yet, dan so. Di antara FANBOYS, and dan or adalah konjungsi yang paling sering dipakai. Dalam penyebutan lebih dari dua elemen, koma umumnya diberikan untuk memisahkan setiap elemen.
a. Words and Phrases
|
Parallel :
|
My nephew
likes gardening, walking, and cycling.
My nephew likes to garden, to walk, and to cycle. My nephew likes to garden, walk, and cycle.
|
|
Not parallel
:
|
My nephew
likes gardening, walk, and do
cycling.
|
|
Parallel :
|
The report
should be written quickly, accurately, and thoroughly.
The report should be written in quick, accurate, and thorough manners.
|
|
Not parallel
:
|
The report
should be written quickly, accurately, and in a thorough manner.
|
|
Parallel :
|
The teacher
said that he was a poor student because he waited until the
last minute to study for the exam, completed his lab
problems in a careless manner, and lacked motivation.
|
|
Not parallel
:
|
The teacher
said that he was a poor student because he waited until the
last minute to study for the exam, completed his lab
problems in a careless manner, and his
motivation was low.
|
b. Clauses
|
Parallel :
|
The coach
told the players that they should get a lot of sleep, that
they should not eat too much, and that they should do some
warm-up exercises before the game.
The coach
told the players that they should get a lot of sleep, not eat too
much, and do some warm-up exercises before the game.
|
|
Not parallel
:
|
The coach
told the players that they should get a lot of sleep, that
they should not eat too much, and to do some
warm-up exercises before the game.
|
|
Parallel :
|
Mr. Thomas
expected that he would present his ideas at the
meeting, that there would be time for him to show his slide
presentation, and that his partners would agree with him.
|
|
Not parallel
:
|
Mr. Thomas
expected that he would present his ideas at the meeting, that
there would be time for him to show his slide presentation,
and that he would be agreed by
his partners.
|
|
Parallel :
|
The salesman
expected that he would present his product at the
meeting, that he would have time to show his slide
presentation, and that prospective buyers would ask him
questions.
|
|
Not parallel
:
|
The salesman
expected that he would present his product at the
meeting, that he would have time to show his slide
presentation, and that questions would be asked by
prospective buyers.
|
2. Correlative Conjunction
Correlative conjunction memiliki empat pasangan konjungsi yang semuanya mengharuskan struktur paralel. Konjungsi ini dapat ditempatkan di manapun dalam kalimat, entah itu subjek, verb, pelengkap, objek, atau adverb. Keempat konjungsi tersebut adalah both…and…, not only…but also…, either…or…, dan neither…nor… .
a. Subject
|
Both
|
SUBJECT
|
and
|
SUBJECT
|
VERB plural
|
|
Not only
|
SUBJECT
|
but also
|
SUBJECT
|
VERB plural/singular*
|
|
Either
|
or
|
|||
|
Neither
|
nor**
|
Keterangan/Note :
- * Plural–Singular nya ditentukan dari subjek yang belakang.
- ** Neither…nor… digunakan untuk kalimat negatif.
Contoh/Examples :
|
Sentences :
|
John is in
the classroom. Jack is in the classroom.
|
|
Parallelism :
|
Both John and ack are in
the classroom. Not only John but also Jack is in
the classroom. Either John or Jack is in
the classroom.
|
|
Sentences :
|
John is not
in the classroom. Jack is not in the classroom.
|
|
Parallelism :
|
Neither John nor Jack is in
the classroom.
|
b. Verb
|
SUBJECT
|
Both
|
VERB
|
and
|
VERB
|
|
Not only
|
but also
|
|||
|
Either
|
or
|
|||
|
Neither
|
nor
|
Contoh/Examples :
|
Sentences :
|
Robert is
reading a novel. Robert is listening to music.
|
|
Parallelism :
|
Robert
is both reading a novel and listening to
music. Robert is not only reading a novel but also listening
to music. Robert is either reading a novel or listening
to music.
|
|
Sentences :
|
Robert is not
reading a novel. Robert is not listening to music.
|
|
Parallelism :
|
Robert
is neither reading a novel nor listening to
music.
|
c. Object
|
SUBJECT +
VERB
|
Both
|
OBJECT
|
and
|
OBJECT
|
|
Not only
|
but also
|
|||
|
Either
|
or
|
|||
|
Neither
|
nor
|
Contoh/Examples :
|
Sentences :
|
The student
speaks Spanish. The student speaks English.
|
|
Parallelism :
|
The student
speaks both Spanish and English. The student speaks not only Spanish but
also English. The student speaks either Spanish or English.
|
|
Sentences :
|
The student
doesn’t speak Spanish. The student doesn’t speak English.
|
|
Parallelism :
|
The student
speaks neither Spanish nor English.
|
d. Adverb
|
S + V + (O) +
|
Both
|
ADVERB
|
and
|
ADVERB
|
|
Not only
|
but also
|
|||
|
Either
|
or
|
|||
|
Neither
|
nor
|
Contoh/Examples :
|
Sentences :
|
He worked
quickly. He worked accurately.
|
|
Parallelism :
|
He
worked both quickly and accurately. He worked not only quickly but also accurately. He worked either quickly or accurately.
|
|
Sentences :
|
He didn’t
work quickly. He didn’t work accurately.
|
|
Parallelism :
|
He
worked neither quickly nor accurately.
|
Hopefully useful for all of you who have read this Article. Semoga bermanfaat :)
Thank you 😄😘👌👍 :)
Wassalammu‘alaikum wr. wb.
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